1) The water has been sitting in the tank for about a week with no filter. I noticed yesterday morning it was starting to get a faint greenish tint to it so I put the filter in last night when I got home from work. Is that something that will clear up with the filter after a few days or should i do a partial/full water change before i get the turtle? I didn't treat the water with anything, it's just regular tap water.
I recommend you test your 'tap' water for: pH, ammonia/ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate. If you can get the required test kit, you should also test for chlorine and chloramine. That's the only way to determine what's going into your aquarium from your source water. Ideally, you'd want your source water to test: pH 7.0 (or close), and the others 0.0.
The 'greenish tint' is most likely algae. It could also be bacteria. Algae requires light and inorganic nutrients, mostly nitrates and phosphates, although it will consume ammonia/ammonium and nitrite if any of that is available. If there is chloramine in your tap water, then you can rule out bacteria. It takes 36-48 hours for chlorine to evaporate completely out of a container of water, but if you have chloramine it can only be removed by either filtering through activated charcoal or treating with appropriate water treatment to neutralize it. If your tap water tests positive for ammonia/ammonium (common for many water sources, including wells and springs) then you probably also have chloramine whether or not your municipality adds it. That's because chlorine, which is added to virtually all municipal water sources, reacts with ammonia to form chloramine. Chloramine will kill any bacteria in the water but won't affect algae.
If your 'greenish tint' is a bacterial bloom and not algae, it will go away on its own as soon as the bacteria run out of whatever they're eating. Whether algae or bacteria, however, your aquarium filtration system will have no affect on it unless it's being caused by free ammonia and/or nitrite in the water. Once your filtration system starts to cycle, those elements will be eaten by the nitrifying bacteria in the filter.
If there is ammonia/ammonium and/or nitrite in your source water, you have to get that out either by filtering through activated charcoal or treating with one of the commercial water treatment chemicals sold at your LFS. Fortunately, turtles are more tolerant of nitrates and phosphates than fish. So if your source contains only a very small amount of nitrate and/or phosphates, less than 20ppm nitrate and/or 1ppm phosphate for example, you probably don't have to do anything about it. Just be aware that you're adding both with each water change and test frequently to make sure they don't get out of hand over time. If you have either nitrate and/or phosphate in your source water and your aquarium is exposed to sunlight during the day (or 'full spectrum' flourescent), you will have algae. The easiest/best way to deal with problem algae is to purchase or build an algae scrubber which will not only grow algae in the scrubber instead of your water tank, it will also reduce both nitrates and phosphates in the water.
If you've got high nitrates and/or phosphates in your source water you have two alternatives to deal with it. Some treatment chemicals claim to remove and/or bind it. Or you could have a planted tank and/or an algae scrubber. Your turtle(s) would probably eat any plants in the tank, so you'd have to set up a separate tank for the plants and plumb it to exchange water with your turtle tank. An algae scrubber would not require a second tank of water and will remove nitrates and phosphates more efficiently than other plants.
Anyway, first step is to test your tap water to see what's coming in. Hopefully, nothing.
